{"ATC Code":"M - Musculo-skeletal system","Abbreviation":["DMSO"],"Adverse Effects":"Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome","Aliases":["DMSO","Methylsulfinylmethane","Methyl sulfoxide","Dimethyl sulphoxide","Dimethylsulfoxide","Methane, sulfinylbis-","Demasorb","Demsodrox","Demavet","Domoso","Infiltrina","Somipront","Dimexide","Dolicur","Dromisol","Durasorb","Syntexan","Δn","Demeso","Hyadur","sulfinylbismethane","Dermasorb","Dimethyl sulfur oxide","Doligur","Dipirartril-tropico"],"Associated Disorders and Diseases":"Solvents, acute toxic effect [Category: Acute Poisoning]","Biological Half-Life":"Unchanged DMSO has a half-life of 12 to 15 hours.","Boiling Point":"372 °","CAS":"67-68-5","ChEBI":"CHEBI:28262","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL504","ChemicalClasses":[],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"Colorless liquid","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides/.","Density":"1.101 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Drug Indication":"For the symptomatic relief of patients with interstitial cystitis.","Drug Warnings":"Onyx injection is a new technique for embolization of cerebral aneurysms that is involved in a controversy about the 'toxicity' of its solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). /The study/ retrospectively studied 38 patients treated for aneurysms with the liquid polymer, Onyx. Induction was with propofol, fentanyl and vecuronium, and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in O2 and N2O. The patients were given 500 mL of fluid after induction, and bradycardia was prevented in order to keep patients hyperdynamic. Electrocardiography (ECG), non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), pulse oximetry, core temperatures, invasive blood pressure (BP), etCO2, and urine output were monitored throughout the intervention. Heart rate and BP changes in response to balloon inflation, DMSO injection, Onyx injection and balloon deflation were recorded. The patients were followed with serial neurological examinations, computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging postoperatively for evidence of any neurological injury. Cumulative DMSO doses were always well under previously implicated doses for systemic toxicity. No changes implicating toxic reactions were observed during DMSO and Onyx injections. Balloon-induced changes returned to baseline within 1 min of balloon deflation. Technique-related permanent morbidity occurred in two patients (worsening of cranial nerve palsies in one and monocular blindness in another) and intracranial hemorrhage with resulting death in one patient. All patients showed a tendency to oxygen desaturation, but this finding did not cause any clinical consequence. Anesthesiologists need to be vigilant in monitoring patients treated with techniques that are new or are being developed. /The study/ have seen no evidence of toxicity or any anesthetic complications in our group of patients, our only clinical concern being a tendency to oxygen desaturation, which may be explained by the inhalational elimination of DMSO.","EINECS":"200-664-3","Ecotoxicity Values":"LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Conditions: static; Concentration: 34 g/L for 96 hr","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-664-3","Flash Point":"203 °F (NTP, 1992)","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0002151","HeavyAtomCount":4,"Human Drugs":"Human drug -\u003e Prescription","IUPACName":"methylsulfinylmethane","Impurities":["dimethyl sulfone"],"InChI":"InChI=1S/C2H6OS/c1-4(2)3/h1-2H3","InChIKey":"IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"Previous studies performed in our laboratory indicated that non-toxic concentrations of peroxynitrite nevertheless commit U937 cells to a rapid necrosis that is however prevented by a survival signaling driven by cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-released arachidonic acid. Toxicity was mediated by concentrations of peroxynitrite resulting in H(2)O(2)-dependent inhibition of arachidonic acid release. The present study shows that U937 cells differentiated to monocytes by prolonged exposure to dimethyl sulfoxide are resistant to peroxynitrite because able to respond with enhanced release of arachidonic acid. An additional important observation was that these cells require more arachidonate than the undifferentiated cells to support the survival signaling. The enhanced arachidonic acid release was not associated with changes in cytosolic phospholipase A(2) expression but was rather dependent on the increased responsiveness of the enzyme to calcium-dependent stimulation as well as on reduced mitochondrial formation of H(2)O(2). The latter event was found to be critical, since differentiated and undifferentiated cells were equally sensitive to peroxynitrite when the accumulation of H(2)O(2) was enhanced via depletion of catalase, or addition of a complex III inhibitor. Thus, the strategy selected by the differentiation process to allow monocytes to cope with peroxynitrite appears to involve some specific mechanism preventing the mitochondrial formation of H(2)O(2).","LD50":[{"dosages":[{"amount":"14500 mg/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"40 gm/kg","route":"skin"},{"amount":"8200 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"},{"amount":"12 gm/kg","route":"subcutaneous"},{"amount":"5360 mg/kg","route":"intravenous"}],"organism":"Rat"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"7920 mg/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"50 gm/kg","route":"skin"},{"amount":"2500 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"},{"amount":"14 gm/kg","route":"subcutaneous"},{"amount":"3100 mg/kg","route":"intravenous"}],"organism":"Mouse"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"\u0026gt;10 gm/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"2500 mg/kg","route":"intravenous"}],"organism":"Dog"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"21400 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Mammal (species unspecified)"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"100 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Bird - wild"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"12 gm/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Chicken"}],"LDLo":[{"dosages":[{"amount":"200 mg/kg","route":"intravenous"}],"organism":"Cat"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"\u0026gt;11 gm/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"\u0026gt;5500 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"}],"organism":"Guinea pig"}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.","Melting Point":"65.3 °","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eOS","MolecularWeight":"78.14 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat oral 17.9 mL/kg","Odor":"Slightly sulfurous odor","Pharmacodynamics":"Dimethyl Sulfoxide may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic activities. Dimethyl Sulfoxide also readily penetrates cellular membranes. The membrane-penetrating ability of dimethyl sulfoxide may enhance diffusion of other substances through the skin. For this reason, mixtures of idoxuridine and dimethyl sulfoxide have been used for topical treatment of herpes zoster in the United Kingdom.","Physical Description":"Dimethyl sulfoxide appears as a clear liquid, essentially odorless. Closed cup flash point 192 °F. Vapors are heavier than air. Contact with the skin may cause stinging and burning and lead to an odor of garlic on the breath. An excellent solvent that can transport toxic solutes through the skin. High vapor concentrations may cause headache, dizziness, and sedation.","PubChemId":679,"RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl sulfoxide","Name":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407927","Name":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01093","Name":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/679","Name":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL504","Name":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:28262","Name":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=67-68-5","Name":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0002151","Name":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C11143","Name":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/YOW8V9698H","Name":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID2021735","Name":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 679, Dimethyl sulfoxide. Accessed September 12, 2025. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/679\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/679\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Dimethyl sulfoxide. UNII: YOW8V9698H. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed September 12, 2025. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/YOW8V9698H\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/YOW8V9698H\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"CS(=O)C","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Solubility":"greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 28.473 26.979\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h29v27H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m27.435 25.941-10.441-6.028\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M13.017 14.403V7.002M15.456 14.403V7.002\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#c6c62c\" d=\"M13.017 14.403v-3.7\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"M13.017 7.002v3.701\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#c6c62c\" d=\"M15.456 14.403v-3.7\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"M15.456 7.002v3.701\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M11.493 19.905 1.038 25.941\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#c6c62c\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M15.781 19.458q0 .649-.476 1.018-.47.363-1.268.363-.417 0-.768-.065-.345-.06-.577-.173v-.589q.244.113.607.202.369.09.762.09.547 0 .827-.215.28-.214.28-.577 0-.238-.107-.399-.101-.167-.351-.31t-.697-.297q-.625-.227-.946-.554-.316-.333-.316-.899 0-.393.197-.667.202-.279.553-.428.357-.155.816-.155.405 0 .738.077.339.072.613.197l-.196.53q-.25-.113-.548-.185-.298-.077-.625-.077-.458 0-.691.196-.232.197-.232.518 0 .244.101.411.108.167.34.298.232.125.631.279.428.155.726.34.298.178.452.434.155.25.155.637\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M16.496 3.078q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.245.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881T14.251.56q.733 0 1.233.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.864 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.22.53.84 0 1.221-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.929-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.209-.524-.833 0-1.226.524-.393.523-.393 1.452\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#c6c62c\" d=\"m16.994 19.913 5.221 3.014M11.493 19.905l-5.227 3.018\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","TDLo":[{"dosages":[{"amount":"1800 mg/kg","route":"skin"}],"organism":"Human - female"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"606 mg/kg","route":"intravenous"}],"organism":"Human - male"}],"Taste":"Slightly bitter taste with sweet after-taste","Therapeutic Uses":"Cryoprotective Agents; Free Radical Scavengers; Solvents","Title":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","Toxicity Data":"LC50 (rat) \u003e1600 mg/m3 (aerosol)/4 hr; [CHEMINFO]","Treatment":"In case of accidental oral ingestion, specifc measures should be taken to induce emesis. Additional measures which may be considered are gastric lavage, activated charcoal and force diuresis. (L1712)","UNII":"YOW8V9698H","Wikidata":"Q407927","Wikipedia":"Dimethyl sulfoxide","XLogP":-0.6}